Method of and apparatus for testing loading material used in paper manufacture



H. A. RCTHCHILD ET AL- 1,899,774

METHOD OF AN'D APPARATUS FOR TESTING LOADING MATERIAL USED IN PAPER "IANUFACTURE Filed Oct. 25, 1929 3-Sheets-Sheet 1 Jbm a zm pl r Feb- 1933- H. A. ROTHCHILD ET AL 1,899,774 7 METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TESTING LOADING MATERIAL USED IN PAPER MNUFACTURE Filed Oct. 25, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 1933, H. A. m HCHILD ETAL ,899,774

METHOD OF AND. APPA ATUS FOR TESTING L ADING MATERIAL USED IN PAPER HANUFACTU E FilOd Oct. 25, 1929 3 sheets-$11881 3 [ZZZ/9.221457%. zVvzcz/ a. (TOZ/c/Ez'fd kfofin Q. 1177904272? hitented Eels. 28, 1933 PATENT EEXR'E' A. IEJHTEGIHILD, OF APPLETOH, AND JOHN A. mm, 0038115, ASSIGNOBS TO PAPER PATENTS comm, OI REHAB, @KE

CQBPQBATION OF WISWNBIN IETEOD 0] AND APPARATUS IOB rm'rmo IDADIHG THRILL USED in PM? murnc'rm Application the MOM! ll, 1m. lfl'ltl Io. 403,866.

In the manufacture of paper, certain materials are used which, alt ough they impart desirable properties to the pa r, are commonly lmown in thetrade as loading ma- 6 terial. This classification includes clay, calcium sulphate, chalk and other more or less inert materials, the function of which is well understood by those familiar with the paper making art. Various methods have heretofore been used for testing this loading material in order to determine its properties and characteristics, as these have a material bearing upon the, value and efliciency of the material.

It is highly important to ascertain the characteristics of the ritty matter in the loading material, since, if the gritty material is of such shape and sharpness or has such cutting ability as to speedily erode or wear away the parts of the aper-making machine exposed thereto, its ei ciency and usefulness as loading material is serlouslyimpaired.

Thus, when a web of paper containing loading material passes on to the Fourdrinier screen or wire of the paper-making machine, some of the loading material contained in the paper web will sift or wash through the screen or wire and on to the tube rolls, on to and throu h the suction boxes. There is a friction 0 rolling and slidin between the screen or wire and the tube rol s, and between the wire and the suction boxes; and when the loading material which passes through the screen and wire is sharp or of a cutting or eroding nature, its wearing action on the screen or wire, the suction box covers, the tube rolls, and other parts of the machine, is considerable. Thus, for example, the life of the Fourdrinier screen or wire of a papermaking machine may easily be reduced 25%, and in some instances as much as 75%. of its normal, when the gritty particles of the loading material are sharp, cutting, or highly erosive.

The object of the present invention is to may be tested, so that such materials may he used as are least injurious to the life of the screen or wire and other parts of a making machine. To this end our inven consists in the features of novelty hereins described, with the aid of the accompanying drawings, and particularly pointed out in. claims at the end of this specification.

Figure 1 is a view in vertical longitud" section on line 1-1 of Figure 2 of e tee machine embodying my invention.

Figure 2 is a plan view.

liigure 3 is a view in end elevation, pbeing shown in section on line 3-3 of hi ure 2.

Figure 4 is an enlar ed detail view in tical section through t e means employed r clamping in place a section of wire screen in the testing operation.

The preferred apparatus used in out this invention is shown as comprising suitable bed or support 1, in an opening 2 which is mounted a pan drip or receptacle w 3 having at its bottom a discharge pipe that is connected by a suitable valve (preferabl a 4-way valve 5) with branch pipes 6 an 7 communicatin with a pipe 8 that may lead to the sewer. he casing of the valve 5 is also connected by a pipe 9 with a con ling 10 united to the lower end of the supply or air lift pipe 11. Above the pan drip 3 is mounted'an open frame or box 12, at the bottom of which is formed an inwardly extending flange 13 on which rests a support 14 that is formed wit-h perforations 15 extending vertically therethrough. The support 14 is held in position by screws 16 passing through the support and through the flange 18 of the box or frame 12. The support 14 is adapted to sustain a pla'te 18, which, as shown, is a section of a Fourdrinier wire or screen having numerous openings therethrough. This screen section 18 is held in place upon the formed adjacent the bottom of the splas support 14 by means of a frame 19 that clamps edges of the screen section 18 and is held firm engagement therewith b means of thumb screws 20 that pass throng threaded openin s in the parts 21 of the box or framel2. l eferably, there is mounted above the hon frame 12 a splash can 22 having an opening in its top and an opening in one of its sides for a purpose to be presently states Above the support 14 and ada ted to rest upon the screen section 18 carrie thereby, is a block or body 24 having channels 25 extending thcrethrough, this block or body 24 being shown as formed with a flan e 26 whereon rests the lower end of a chem red block or casing 27 into which the upper part of the body or block 24 extends.

In order to im art movement to the bod or block 2% (which is referably of wood? and to the chambered b ock, or casing 27, the mechanism next described is preferably employed: To one side of the block or casing 27 in united as at 28, and preferably by a ball- -and-socl-xct joint, the inner end of a pitman rod 29, the outer end of which is suitably connccted with a stud 30 that rises eccentrically from the top of the gear wheel 31. This gear wheel. 81 teeth 32 around the upper side oi its periphery to cnga c with a bevel pinion 33 carried by a sha 34 that is suitably journsled' in frame or support 35 fixed to the bed or support 1. From the inner end of the rises the axle 36 on which the gear wheel 31 is revolubly mounted. As shown, the shaft 32 carries at its outer end a pinion it? meshes with a pinion 38 on the shaft of electric motor 40. The pitman 29 passes through a long slot or openin can 22.

Through an opening in the top of the splash can 22 est-ends the curved up er part of the supply or air lift pipe 11. See Figures 1 and 3.) Preferably, the part oi the pipe 11 within the splash can 22 is fitted with a section 42 of rubber tubing that 'oins the short pipe section 43 (that may be 0% glass) to the lower end of which is connected a rubber tube section 44 that extends down into the chambered block or casing 2?.

Into the lower end of the cou ling 10 at the bottom of the su ply or air ift pipe 11 extends the air nozziie 46 of the air supply pipe 47 that will be connected with suite le means for supplying air under pressure to efl'ect the circulation of liquid from the pan drip or receptacle 3, through the discharge pipe 4, branch pipe 9, and supply or air lift I pipe 11 to the chambered block or casing 27 within the splash can 22.

The operation of the above-described apparatus is as follows: Assuming that air has been admitted under pressure to the supply or air lift pipe 11, and that the electric motor has been started, it will be seen that circulation of the volume of liquid cont ing the loading material in suspension be caused to occur from the pan drip or receptacle 3, through the discharge pipe 1, brunch pipe 9 and supply or air lift ipe 11 to the chambered block or casing 2 and thence through the perforated body or block 24: and through the screen section 18 and its support 14. At the same time, a reciprocating movement of the body or block 2% and casing 27 over and in rubbing contact with the screen 18 will be eilected by the electric motor and the mechanism conncctin it with the chembcred block or casing 27. ence, the rubbing surfaces of contact of the block or body 24 and the screen section 18 will be continuously Wetted with the liquid carrying the loading material in suspension. The movementoi the body or block 24 and the circulation of the liquid through this block or body, the screen section and its perforated support, will be continued for a definite length of time, after which, the screen section 18 (which has been weighed prior to the beginning of the operetion) will be removed, and this section be again weighed in order to determine its loss in weight due to its exposure to the rubbing action and to the circulation oi the volume of liquid containing the loading material. The greater the loss in weight of the screen section 18, the less suitable will be the loading material for use in paper manufacture, since a large loss in weight indicates that the loading material is so sharp, erosive and cutting as to seriously injure the parts of the paper-making machine, and particularly the wire or screen, exposed to the abrasive action of the loading material. It will be understood, of course, that when the screen sec tion 18 is to be removed, the splash can 22 will be lifted off. the chambered casing 27 and body or block 24 will be moved from above the screen 18, and the thumb screws 20 will be loosened so as to permit the frame 19 and the screen 18 to he removed.

By means of the 4-way valve 5, the liquid may be readily drained from the pan or re ceptable 3 and from the supply ipe 11.

In practice, the above escri d method of testing loading material used in pe per manufacture has proved hi lily eflicient. he details of such method an of the apparatus may be varied within wide limits without (learting from the scope of the invention which 18 set forth in the appended claims.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Let ters Patent is:

1. The method of testing loading material for use in paper manufacture that consists in exposing a body of predetermined weight to the frictional or wearing action of the loading material for a definite period, maintaining relative movement between said body and nite peri percentage of loss in another body in frictional relation thereto and between which bodies the loading material circulatesfand thereafter weighing said first body to ascertain the percentage of loss in weight due to said exposure.

2.. The method of testing loading material for use in paper manufacture that consists in exposing a body of predeterminedweight to the frictional or wearing action of a volume of liquid containing the loading material in suspension, maintaining a relative movement between said body and another body in frictional relation thereto and between which bodies the loading material circulates for a definite period, and thereafter weighing said first body to ascertain the percentage of loss in weight due to said exposure.

3. The method of testing loading material for use in paper manufacture that consists in exposing a body of predetermined weight to the frictional orwearing action of a volume of liquid containing the loading material in nsion, maintaining the circulation of said liquid in contact with said body for a definite period and maintaining a relative movement between said bod and another body in frictional relation t ereto and between which bodies the loading material circulates, and thereafter weighing said firstmentioned body to ascertain the percentage of loss in wei ht due to said exposure.

4. The met od of testing loading material for use in paper manufacture that consists in exposing a section of Fourdrinier screen of predetermined weight to the frictional or wearin action of a volume of liquid containmg 10a ing materlal in suspension, circulat- 7 ing said li uid through said screen for a defidb, and thereafter weighing said screen section to ascertain the loss in weight due to said ex 5. The method of testing loading material for use in paper manufacture that consists in exposing a section of Fourdrinier screen of predetermined weight to the frictional or wearing action of a volume of liquid containing the loading material in sus nsion, circ ating said liquid through sai screen and maintaining a relative movement between said screen and a body in frictional relation thereto for a definite period, and thereafter weighing said screen section toasoertain the weight due tosaid expercentage of 6. An apparatus for testing loading material for use in pa r manufacture, comprisring the combination of a tank, means for maintaining a flow of liquid throughs'aid tank, means for holding a body exposed to.

the liquid in said tank, a second body in said tank, and means for maintaining a relative movement in frlctional relation between said bodies in the tank.

ing the combination of a tank, means for maintaining a return circulation of liquid within and through said tank, means for holding a body exposed to the li uid in said tank, a second body Within sai tank, and means for moving one of. said bodies in frictional contact with the other.

8. An apparatus for testing loading material for use in pa r manufacture, comprising the combination of a tank, a support adapted to receive a sheet and arranged transversely of said tank, a body mounted adjacent said support and means for moving said body in frictional relation with the sheet on said support.

9. An apparatus for testing loading material for use in paper manufacture, comprising the combination of a tank, means for maintaining a flow of liquid through'said tank, a erforated support'arran'ged within said tank and adapted to hold a sheet, a body mounted adjacent to said support, andmeans for effecting a relative movement in frictional relation between said body and the sheet carried by said support.

10. An apparatus for testing loading material for use in pa r manufacture, com risin the combinatlon of a tank, a per ora sheet support arran d transversely of said tank, a perforated bdy within said tank adjacent said sheet support, means for effecting a relative movement be tween said support and said body, and means for maintaining a flow of liquid through said support and body.

11.'An apparatus for testing loading material for use in paper manufacture, comprising the bombination of a tank, a perforated sheet support arranged transverse! of said tank, a perforated body arranged a ve said sheet support, means for imparting reciproeating movement to said perforated 'bod and means for efiecting a circulation of liquid in said tank and through said perforated support and body.

An apparatus for testing loading material for use in pa r manufacture, comprising the combination of a tank, a perforated support mounted within said tank, means for clampin a sheet upon said su port, a perforated sheet support, and means for imparting movement to said body.

13. An apparatus for testing loading ma- 1 terial for use in paper manufacture, comprising the combination of a tank having a discharge pipe at its bottom, a pipe for delivering liquid to the top of said tank, a pipe connecting the lower part of said delivery pipewith said discharge pipe, means for causing the return flow of liquid through said tank and pipes, aperforated sheet support arranged transversely of said tank, a perforated body arranged within said tank adjacent said'sheet support, and means for imy mounted above SLld paging-movement to said perforated body.

apparatus for testing leading mefierial for use in apermanufecture, comprising the combinat on ef a tie-mils support 5 arranged transversely of said tank, a perforated body arran above said sheet support, a. chambered b ock above and connected to said perforated body, means for impertglpe for delivering liquid into sei ing movement to said block and-bodg, and a 

